{"product_id":"fortifications-of-the-incas-1200-1531","title":"Fortifications of the Incas: 1200-1531","description":"\u003ctable class=\"singles-description-table\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/html\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eDescription:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eIn 1943, Hitler ordered his forces to occupy the Italian mainland to protect the Third Reich's 'soft underbelly'. After the successful Allied landings in Salerno, the Germans fought a series of hard, rearguard actions as the Allies slowly pushed north up the Apennines towards the Alps. These actions were based around the construction of a series of defensive lines: the Winter Line, the Gustav Line, the Hitler Line, the Caesar Line, the Gothic Line and the Voralpenstellung. This book explores the development and form of the six defensive lines constructed by the paramilitary Organisation Todt in Italy, examining the principles of defence of these key fortifications in visual depth, and discussing their fate in the wake of the Allied onslaught.\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eMSRP:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003e18.95\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eBook Series:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eFortress\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eVolume:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003e47\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eSubject:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eMilitary History and Technology\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eH. W. Kaufmann, J.E. Kaufmann\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eAbout the Author:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eH.W. Kaufmann has an MA in Spanish from the University of Texas at San Antonio, where she also studied archaeology. She has a PhD from the University of Texas, Austin, in medieval Spanish and is fluent in six languages. She is a professor at San Antonio College and teaches languages. J.E.Kaufmann has an MA in History from the University of Texas, San Antonio. He is a retired public school teacher and teaches history part time at Palo Alto Junior College.\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003e9781841769394\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eOsprey Publishing\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003e7\/25\/06\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003e64\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eBinding:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eIllustrator:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eAdam Hook\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eUPC:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003e9781841769394\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eSet:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eOsprey Books\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003ctr\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003eRarity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003ctd\u003esealed\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-description-div\"\u003e\n        \u003cdiv class=\"oracle-text\"\u003e\n            In 1943, Hitler ordered his forces to occupy the Italian mainland to protect the Third Reich's 'soft underbelly'. After the successful Allied landings in Salerno, the Germans fought a series of hard, rearguard actions as the Allies slowly pushed north up the Apennines towards the Alps. These actions were based around the construction of a series of defensive lines: the Winter Line, the Gustav Line, the Hitler Line, the Caesar Line, the Gothic Line and the Voralpenstellung. This book explores the development and form of the six defensive lines constructed by the paramilitary Organisation Todt in Italy, examining the principles of defence of these key fortifications in visual depth, and discussing their fate in the wake of the Allied onslaught.\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n        \u003cdiv class=\"catalogMetaData\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\" data-cardtype=\"other\" data-cardid=\"5\" data-tcgid=\"142825\" data-lastupdated=\"2025-09-20T19:03:10.844795\"\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n        ","brand":"Books","offers":[{"title":"Sealed","offer_id":51317111259458,"sku":"3458669","price":0.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0904\/0920\/6082\/files\/142825.jpg?v=1758441878","url":"https:\/\/www.eacollectibles.com\/products\/fortifications-of-the-incas-1200-1531","provider":"EA Collectibles","version":"1.0","type":"link"}